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| Men of the Waffen-SS taken POWs during the counter-offensive Operation Lüttich |
Following the successful advance of the U.S.
Operation Cobra on July 25 1944 Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler personally ordered a German counter-attack code named Operation
Lüttich. It was to cut into the side of the 'neck' of the corridor through which American troops were now pouring into central France. Instead of eight Panzer Divisions, only four - one of them incomplete - could be relieved from their defensive tasks and assembled in time; the 2.SS-Panzer-Division Das Reich,
Wiener 2.Panzer-Division, 116.Panzer-Division
Windhund and part of the Leibstandarte SS, with a total of about 300 tanks. The Luftwaffe were unable to reach the battlefield and the Allies had complete air control. Allied aircraft inflicted severe losses on the attacking troops. In the open ground the Panzers became exposed targets and the counter offensive soon halted. Over 150 tanks involved in the counter attack were lost to Allied air strikes. Nevertheless, the offensive continued around Mortain for several more days. The Germans were soon outflanked to their south and the front to their east collapsed, resulting in many of the troops in Normandy being trapped in the
Falaise Pocket. Top image: U.S. B-24 Liberator long range heavy bombers just hitting the West-European continental coast on August 3 1944. Photo by
U.S. Air Force photographer sergeant Lew Funk. Credit: Nathan Howland. Private Collection. Second image from top: Sergeant Jack Stollery is filming when Hauptmann Siegfried Rauch of the 2.Panzer-Division, known as the
Wiener Division, is surrendering to Canadian Major David Vivian Currie of the South Alberta Regiment and Sergeant Major George Mitchell of the Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders of Canada in Saint-Lambert-sur-Dives. CSM Mitchell later told that Siegfried Rauch was arrogant and demanded that his surrender be taken by an officer. Mitchell responded with his rifle butt. Rauch never made it to a POW cage and it was reported that he was killed soon after the photo was taken. Private Jake Leyland of the same company of the Argylls' said about his fellow countryman:
This guy had thirteen prisoners and next day they never reached the compound - he said that they all tried to escape... Credit: Doug Banks. Library and Archives Canada. Bottom images shows captured SS-Panzergrenadiers of the elite Das Reich during the Lüttich near Mortain on August 7-13 1944. Their facial expressions clearly reflect what's going on in their hearts. Das Reich's manpower strength was 20,184 officers and men during the early days of the Normandy invasion, and in September 1944 it reported having 12,357 men. During World War II Das Reich was honored with 69 Knight's Crosses, 151 German Crosses in Gold and 29 Honor Roll Clasp recipients. It also boasted three Swords and 10 Oakleaves to the Knight's Cross holders. Its Panzer-Regiment collected 20 Knight's Crosses and 17 German Cross in Gold during 111 weeks of combat, destroying 1,730 tanks and assault guns. On November 1 1943 the division was credited with 2,000 tank kills. Das Reich had more high award winners served in its ranks than any other division in World War II. The tactical marking of the division was a
Wolfsangel rune, normally painted in white or yellow. A temporary insignia in the shape of a horizontal bar with two vertical bars was in use prior to the
Battle of Kursk. Credit: Christian Zentner and Friedemann Bedürftig. All photos in the PD.
Must have been hard for them and thousands of others getting on with life post-1945.
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ReplyDelete"I was not treated by the U.S. soldiers as a German officer with the highest awards; instead, I was treated as a criminal of the worst sort. Hit, kicked, my money stolen. I was constantly hit in the head with rubber truncheons. I was a witness to the execution of 12 SS prisoners." Contents of a sworn statement by the Das Reich veteran and recipient of the Knight's Cross with Oakleaves and the Close Combat Clasp in Gold SS-Hauptsturmführer Heinrich Schmelzer, dated July 8, 1946. It was submitted at a US prisoner-of-war camp at Darmstadt, intended for submission to the International Military Tribunal. Schmelzer was released on February 27, 1947 and resettled in his home town Nesselröden. He became a member of the town council and was later elected mayor and reelected several times.
ReplyDeleteThe trooper in white shirt standing next to Victoria Cross winner Major David Currie is identified as R.J. Lowe of "C" Squadron. He has been described as a quiet confident man never bragging about his accomplishments. Instead, he was very careful about which wartime memories he shared. No, these Canadian war heroes did not talk much about the murdering of German prisoners of war in France. If Captain Siegfried Rauch had been an American officer and the Canucks been Germans this photo would have been one of the most famous photographs from the Normandy Campaign.
ReplyDeleteRegarding the killing of surrendered/captured enemy personnel, David Websters book parachute infantry recounts an incident where a kubelwagen drove onto their lines in Normandy. The medic was pulled out and shot, the two patients dumped on the road to die, and the car put to use. I recall another paratrooper account of a, "junior" who shot surrendering germans without breaking stride. You can understand how many men were reluctant to talk about the war in the years after, with time to reflect in better days, im sure the memory doing such things, even while in the theater of war, wasnt something some fellas were comfortable with in later life.
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